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- @
- Sartre wrote
- most of his
- important
- philosophical
- work before he
- was 40, and
- although much
- of it seems
- impenetrable, it
- established him
- not only as one of
- the great thinkers
- of his time, but
- also, in the
- popular imagi-
- nation, as the
- archetype of
- a modern
- philosopher
- #
- Jan-Paul Sartre's
- existentialism
- was based on the
- notion that we
- have no essence
- (determining
- inner spirit),
- only existence.
- Our 'character'
- is simply the
- sum of our
- experiences. His
- autobiographical
- writings and
- many plays are
- more accessible
- than his philo-
- sophical works
- #
- Sartre believed
- existentialism
- should bring
- people to a sense
- of their own
- responsibility,
- and to freedom.
- Each human
- being was able to
- create their
- values, but was
- also condemned,
- by their situation,
- to recreate those
- values with each
- choice they made,
- and every action
- they performed
- #
- Camus' work represents what is perhaps the most despairing strand
- in existential thought. Characters such as the hero of his novel
- The Outsider are painfully aware of the fact that, in the end, everything
- is meaningless
- @
- Sartre became
- the leading
- Parisian intel-
- lectual after
- the second world
- war and the
- pivotal figure in
- the city's Left
- Bank cafe society
- of artists and
- activists: here he
- is seen in 1946
- on the Pont Neuf.
- He published a
- journal, Les
- Temps Modernes,
- and became
- heavily engaged
- in left-wing
- politics
- #
- At the outbreak
- of the Algerian
- war of indep-
- endence Sartre
- was the main
- proponent of
- liberation for
- France's colonial
- territories. He
- sharply attacked
- successive French
- governments, and
- was banned from
- appearing on
- state-controlled
- media. His flat
- was twice
- bombed by right-
- wing supporters
- of colonialism
- #
- In 1964 Sartre
- refused the Nobel
- Prize for Liter-
- ature. Ironically
- for someone
- whose philosophy
- was based on
- freedom of action,
- his turned out
- to be a choice he
- could not make:
- the committee
- does not consult
- the nominee, so
- Sartre remained
- the winner
- #
- Sartre's opposition
- to US involvement
- in Vietnam won
- the admiration of
- young radicals. In
- the student
- uprisings of May
- 1968 in Paris, he
- became a sort of
- godfather to the
- revolution which,
- for a brief
- moment, looked
- likely to engulf
- French society
- #
- Simone de Beauvoir
- was Sartre's life-
- long companion.
- Together they took
- over La Cause Du
- Peuple, a Maoist
- newspaper of
- which they were
- both previous
- editors, to save
- it from closure.
- In 1970 the paper
- was banned by the
- French government
- #
- By the time Sartre
- died he had
- changed the philo-
- sophical climate
- of a generation.
- Thoughtful people
- were now less
- sure of their
- own exclusivity,
- they were more
- aware of their
- own absurdity,
- and above all
- they were better
- equipped to find
- their own freedom
- @
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